Modernization Of Morality And Manners - 945 Words

Historians tend to attribute the modernization of morality and manners to the decade between the Progressive Era and the New Deal. The short span of time between the Progressive Era and the New Deal saw the abandonment of Victorian Era moral guidelines, coupled with a new emphasis on the individuality of women. Flappers, young free-spirited girls embracing their newfound social freedom, embodied this period of rapid change. Promiscuity flourished, female clothes covered less, and the roles of women expanded far beyond the home. Historians has viewed the Twenties as a period of spontaneous social revolution since the decade itself passed. James McGovern, however, believes such analyses of the Twenties as oversimplified interpretations of a more complex time. McGovern attributes almost total responsibility for the moral revolution to the events of the Progressive Era, such as industrialization, rise of city life, and technological advancements. He even claims the revolution occurred be fore 1920 altogether. An accurate understanding of history requires analysis beyond surface-level characteristics. Most historians of the Twenties, however, have only examined the same short list of criteria. America remembered the Roaring Twenties for the widespread popularity of a new moral code focused on female individuality. Historians since then, beginning with Frederick Allen’s 1931 study, have primarily limited their studies to upper-class women’s societal behaviors during 1920s. HenryShow MoreRelatedModernism And Postmodernism1207 Words   |  5 Pagesphilosophical. Nonetheless, there are some primary beliefs of the Modernist genres that appeal in someway or the other to the various movements and also the writers. Modernism in general can broadly be described as the â€Å"deviation from the ancient and classic manner†. (Johnson, J., The New Royal and Universal English Dictionary, Millard, 1763). It is the radical movement away from the past in search of new styles of expression. It refers to a reforming movement away from the traditional forms in various fieldsRead MoreMexican Icons and Heores970 Words   |  4 Pagesand Frankenstein. The websites purpose is to illustrate how the films of El Santo were influenced by the growth and stability and after 1950. El Santo and his wrestling assisted rural migrants to urban Mexico City by showing them how to handle modernization and gave Mexicans a representation of the ideal modern, Mexican man. El Santo is presented as a character that the audience never sees in his films without his silver colored mask. Whats more, in several films, El Santo is even see sleeping inRead MoreAnalysis Of Omer Bartov s Hitler s Army 996 Words   |  4 Pagesand their blind loyalty distorted their morality to carrying out war crimes when believed to be necessary. He reaches this conclusion by analyzing the Wehrmacht’s time in Russia and how that devastating campaign effected the enlisted soldiers. He finds that the only way the Wehrmacht’s moral even survived this was their warped mentality and cohesion between the soldiers due to harsh discipline. In chapter one Bartov tackles the issue of the modernization and structure of the Wehrmacht. Bartov walksRead Moreâ€Å"Theme of Post-Colonialism in Things Fall Apart†657 Words   |  3 PagesOkonkwo is doomed to loose the traditions he cherishes as his society slowly falls apart. The first part of the novel discuss with suffering and sorrows of the natives due to illiteracy. They are far away from modernization and having their own circle of ethic, morality and manners. They live with their tradition, custom, ritual and savage culture. The second part deals with the theme of exploration and exploitations. It expresses the arrival of Europeans in the Africa and exploitation of EuropeansRead More International Business: The Importance of Ethics in Business1636 Words   |  7 Pageswith these companies would bring. In a pure business sense, this is strictly a financial decision. But on a moral and values level, the question becomes more complicated. When the time came to make a decision, GMC chose to err on the side of morality and cut off business relations with the three Chinese companies. Afterwards they explained, If they break their promises in such a circumstance, how can we trust them? Rather than be associated with a company with questionable reputation, GMCRead MoreAnalysis Of Jon Lee Andersons The Distant Shore1215 Words   |  5 Pagesnotion of cultural recruiting and compromising has shaped the morality of civilizations to become progressively eminent and consistent. Therefore, the contemporary reality of government demands expectations of maturation through innovative and economic advancement. Since the unhibited weaknesses and lack of omnipresence among the Mashco Piro manifest exploitation, entities of greater actuality with foresight toward profitable modernization are likely to superciliously overtake the tribe. The MashcoRead MoreStreet Angel analysis2605 Words   |  11 PagesWhat sort of social critique does this Street Angel (1937) present? What does it say about issues involved in modernization? What symbols are portrayed in Street Angel (1937) Introduction Every country has specific famous era in which their cinema portrays the reality of their society, the 1930 s was the era in which China s cinema bent itself towards portraying society and modernization. A lot of distinctive features developed by Chinese film over the last hundred years are the result and testimonyRead MoreThe Tortilla Behemoth: Through the Sociological Lens1768 Words   |  8 Pagesworkers in the factory. It examines the analytical framework that would be most appropriate for this situation and then progresses to relate many sociological theories to this issue. Next, it examines the mostly negative effects of globalization, modernization and industrialization. It then follows the same procedure as the previous section and categorizes the issue into the analytical framework model and proceeds to connect it to sociological theories. Finally, the last issue in which this essay discussesRead MoreSustainable Design: Advantages of Going Green1347 Words   |  5 Pagesecosystems and environments provide vital chemicals for our atmosphere, resources for our technological needs, and assist us in agriculture (65). In the field of architecture, for instance, communities and structures of all kind can be designed in such a manner that they work with the environment, not against it. It is possible to have a greener building, one that uses solar power, recycled water, environmentally appropriate landscaping, and ways to manage human consumption. The key, for McLennan, is thatRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution And The French Revolution1264 Words   |  6 PagesBoth the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution induced great social transformations from the end of the 18th century on. The revolutions laid the foundation for the journey of modernization for Great Britain and France. Although the two countries were merely separated by the English Channel, the relatively low degree of pre-industrial international communications hindered the interaction of both events. Nevertheless, it is not coincidental that the revolutions occurred roughly at the same

The Columbian Exchange And The Colonization Of The Americas

â€Å"The Columbian Exchange† When considering the discoveries of the Americas, commonly one may recall only the presence of Christopher Columbus and the fact that his discovery, or more appropriately rediscovery, brought forth the colonization of certain areas of the Americas, leading, in due time, to a variety of thriving economies that engage in mass import and export between themselves and the world at large. In doing so, it is thus forgotten that, prior to any establishment of a United States, the early colonies engaged in mass export of goods, those being primarily crops, often used as cuisine for both man and beast, secondarily animals, and, tertiary to other exports given that it was not known or planned by those partaking in the business of export, disease, though the transport of disease was more focused and tragic in the area of import for those not of European descent. Speaking specifically to the export of grown crops, the most diverse and extensive of export fi elds, one must identify the types of plants that were available for export from the Americas and to whom said plants could, and later would be, exposed to. Thus, it must be noted that primarily corn, potatoes, cassava, and various beans and squashes, followed secondarily by the less important sweet potato, papaya, pineapple, tomato, avocado, guava, peanuts, chili peppers, and cacao, the most important of which, corn, or Maize to those less modern, became popular within the area of North America itself andShow MoreRelatedChristopher Columbus : A Hero Or Hero?1445 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscovered the â€Å"New World† of the Americas in 1492 as the result of an expedition sponsored by the Spanish monarchy Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon, in hopes of finding an alternate trade route to Asia, the source of luxury and wealth in the eyes of Europeans. Altogether Columbus commanded four expeditions under the Spanish monarchy between 1492 and 1504. Although Columbus never found an alternate lucrative trade route to Asia, Columbus’s encounter with America in 1492 forever changed worldRead MorePositive Effects Of The Columbian Exchange703 Words   |  3 Pagesthe time period known as the Columbian Exchange. Most of what the Europeans took from the Exchange was good, but some of what they brought was devastating to the people in the New World. Although, this time period was very brutal for the Native Americans, the Columbian Exchange resulted in the transmitting of new technologies, an increase in remedies and cures for diseases, and a growth in resources such as food that helped to improve life. During the Columbian Exchange there were civilizations thatRead MoreChristopher Columbus s Discovery Of The America1132 Words   |  5 Pagesimpacted the culture, and development of America. One of these effects was the expansion of goods and products in the decades after Columbus’s first contact with Americans. Other effects included how these goods and products affected Amerindians and Europeans which also influenced the Columbian Exchange. Christopher Columbus’s influence on the Americas and Europe is the main reason why he is still talked about today. After Columbus’s discovery of the Americas for Spain, we transition into the â€Å"OldRead MoreThe Columbian Exchange : A World Drift That Carried The Old And New World907 Words   |  4 Pagesanimals, and bacteria, which was known as the Columbian Exchange. The exchange is the ecological events of the past millennium.The Columbian Exchange had a widespread exchange of animal, plants, culture including slaves, diseases, and ideas between the eastern and western hemispheres. The exchange was the most significant event concerning ecology, agriculture, and culture in history. The Europeans were the first who touched the shores of the Americas. Old World crops such as wheat, barley, rice,Read MoreEuropean Colonization : Christopher Columbus And Native Americans Essay1127 Words   |  5 PagesBartolomà © de Las Casas noted â€Å"so that from 1494 to 1508, over three million people had perished from war, slavery, and the mines† (Effects of European Colonization: Christoph er Columbus and Native Americans). This was primarily due to European domesticated animals such as: pigs, sheep, horses, cows, and goats. To create a great epidemic of diseases America had never witnessed before. Horrible diseases which the ingenious population had no immunity for, smallpox, typhus, influence, diphtheria, and measlesRead MoreThe Impact Of European Expeditions On The American Regions Essay1203 Words   |  5 PagesEuropeans brought many things to America. Including death, food, religion, metal tools, and language. Starting around 1492, Columbus was trying to find a faster route to Asia. Instead, he found an entirely different continent that would later be named America. One of the most notable things they brought was death. Bartolomà © de Las Casas noted â€Å"so that from 1494 to 1508, over three million people had perished from war, slavery, and the mines† (Effects of European Colonization: Christopher Columbus and NativeRead MoreThe Positive Effects Of Th e Columbian Exchange1643 Words   |  7 PagesThe term â€Å"Columbian Exchange† refers to the massive transfer of life between the Afro-Eurasian and American hemispheres that was precipitated by Columbus’ voyage to the New World . It was known as the widespread interchange of plants, animals, diseases, culture, human populations and technology between Europe and the Americas. After Columbus’ arrival to the Americas, the plant, animal and bacterial life began to mix between the Americas, which was also referred to as the â€Å"New World† and Europe,Read MoreEconomic Interaction Between Europe And Africa962 Words   |  4 Pageseconomic power. Economic interaction with Europe and America began around the same time. It started when Christopher Columbus discovered the New world in 1492. The effect of this was that this exploration made trade possible between Europe and the Americas and Africa. This caused for economic interaction in all of the Atlantic Ba sin. As a result of this economic interaction, the Columbian Exchange occurred. The Columbian exchange is the exchange of goods, ideas, technology, diseases and people fromRead Morecolumbian exchange817 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ The Columbian Exchange The Columbian exchange created an enormous interchange of various political ideas, cultures, foods, diseases, animals, and people between the old world and the new world, this give and take relationship caused many changes some positive and some negative between the two areas and help redistribute resources between the two hemispheres. There were many positive things that happened as a result of the Columbian exchange. Potatoes and corn became major food sources forRead MoreThe Effects of Christopher Columbus Essay794 Words   |  4 Pagesintroduction of the Columbian Exchange, Cultural changes and loss of their homeland. Columbuss discovery of the new world sparked colonization of the Americas. There was an ample amount of vast, arable land thus creating economic opportunity for the wealthy and the common-man. The people longing for this opportunity intruded on the Native Americans land and completely changed their way of life. When Christopher Columbus discovered the new world, it caused the two different worlds (The Americas and Europe

Herland As A Feminist Work Essay Research free essay sample

Herland As A Feminist Work Essay, Research Paper Feminism is the recommending for societal, political, and all other rights of adult females equal to those of work forces ( Random House College Dictionary ) . This narrative depicts merely that. It is about a society made wholly of adult females with no demand for work forces. We see the position of work forces through the eyes of our storyteller. He gives us the point of position from three different work forces about adult females. Herland takes the traditional stereotypes about adult females and reverses them wholly. Everything that was one time regarded by feminine and masculine criterions was taken off. The adult females had short hair and athletic organic structures. Their vesture was non provocative but built for comfort and convenience. They were non demure and coquettish. They did non necessitate work forces. Their day-to-day life and whole lives did non depend on a adult male in any manner form or signifier. We will write a custom essay sample on Herland As A Feminist Work Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They were builders, husbandmans, bookmans, and most significantly female parents. They lived together, harmoniously. The adult females of the land do non understand the gender prejudices of the universe because they merely do non do sense. # 8220 ; There was no recognized criterion of what was # 8220 ; manfully # 8221 ; and what was # 8220 ; womanly # 8221 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .Jeff said, # 8216 ; a adult female should non transport anything, # 8217 ; Celis asked # 8216 ; Why? # 8217 ; with the frankest astonishment # 8221 ; ( 93 ) . And why shouldn # 8217 ; t a adult female carry anything. To her it was the funniest thought. If none of them carried anything, nil would acquire done! The work forces who # 8220 ; occupy # 8221 ; Herland are filled with typical boylike phantasies of wild maidens in waiting. Their ideals about this topographic point are amusing. They expect to happen a aggregation of wild adult females that are waiting to be tamed by work forces. They imagine a universe of pure, stainless adult females. They can non conceive of a civilised universe without the presence of work forces. â€Å" They would contend amongst themselves, Women ever do. We mustn’t look for any kind of order and organization† ( 10 ) . This statement was made by Terry, as we come to cognize him. He is the most â€Å"manly† of the three work forces. His ideals are the most Victorian and chauvinistic. Jeff’s thoughts about the adult females they would come to happen were different than Terry’s. He believed that adult females should be sheltered and protected without a attention in the universe. â€Å"Jeff idealised adult females in the most Southern manner. He was full of gallantry and sentiment, and all that. And he was a good male child ; he lived up to his ideals† ( 11 ) . Van’s ideals about their venture were the most practical in nature. He looked over every item and tried to do the most reasonable accounts. I believe he was the voice of ground. We could besi des compare the three to Freud’s Id ( Terry ) , Ego ( Jeff ) , and Superego ( Van ) . But that is another paper. Possibly one of the most extroverted womens rightist facets is the fact that the adult females of Herland reproduce without the aid of work forces. This characteristic of the novel helps to make a genuinely self -supporting society of adult females that our storytellers can non look to hold on. This makes these adult females superhuman in a sense. The male race is unneeded to their being. I believe that this narrative was told with the intent of doing the gender functions of most of the universe expression like kids # 8217 ; s games. It is clear that this narrative was intended to demo that adult females were and are self-supporting human existences and non objects to be possessed and kept. Bibliography Herland Charolate perkins Gilman

Social Issues In Waiting for Godot and Enduring Love free essay sample

Compare and Contrast the social issues which cause conflict in Waiting for Godot by Beckett and Enduring Loveby McEwan. Evaluate different readers views of the writers interpretations and discuss the impact of contexts. Social issues have long been a problem in our world, complete breakdown in communication can have disastrous consequences for society. Many wars, civil wars and uprisings have occurred as a cause of idealogical differences, but it has been through a social aspect, that those ideas were misconstrued or rejected (due to a difference in social opinion). The same can be said for the social aspects in Waiting for Godot and Enduring Love, albeit on a smaller scale. Social issues are prevalent in both texts, this can be attributed to the style of writing used by Samuel Beckett and Ian McEwan, both of whom use allusory devices and utilise the in-communication of protagonists. Waiting for Godot is a 1952 play originally called En Attendant Godot, the play is widely viewed as a response to WW2. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Issues In Waiting for Godot and Enduring Love or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Enduring Love is a 1997 novel written by Ian McEwan and focuses on psychological issues in today? society, and how they impact on society. I intend to explore the social issues (the majority of which) that arise in the texts as a result of the protagonists inability to communicate. The characters state of mind is a major sub-plot intertwined in both Enduring Love and Waiting for Godot. The fact that all the characters are written as to possibly be mentally unhinged and anxiety ridden, this is hinted at through Estragons reaction to Vladimirs perpetual questions, Vladimir: The same lot as usual? Estragon: The same? I dont know. Ian McEwan has said, the task of the artist is to find a form that accommodates the mess , which sums up Waiting for Godot I think. Continuing the theme of WW2 in Waiting for Godot, Vladimir, Estragon, Pozzo and Lucky are portrayed in erratic surroundings and the carnage of a society in combat with itself, as WW2 was. WW2 was a war fought in a world without moral guidance, with protagonists showing the lack of an internal moral compass, and exhibiting trauma, loss of memory, much like soldiers in WW2. In Waiting for Godot, critiques suggest that Vladimir and Estragon are a pseudo-couple (specifically by Guy Christian Barnard). Schizophrenia affects social issues, with the bi-polarity of language used leads to a lack of meaningful communication between the two protagonists, Come on, Gogo, return the ball, cant you, once in a way. This re-enforces social conflict because having conversations with himself regularly is symptomatic of being mentally unstable or unhinged. Vladimir is the most compassionate protagonist in Waiting for Godot, he spends time contemplating emotion, unlike Estragon, and Pozzo, meaning that a more in-depth emotional side to Vladimir means Beckett has taken a idealogical step away from Estragon, Pozzo and Lucky meaning increased social friction, so an increased chance for social conflict. This can be related to the social situation of the world at the time of the plays writing, as people has been affected by WW2 two in different ways, some didnt know what to do with their life after the war, and this concept, coupled by Becketts persistent use of gallows humour (the protagonists know they have no hope of evading what is to come) means the protagonists are seriously contemplating suicide. â€Å"Was I sleeping while others suffered?.. Tomorrow, when I wake, or think I do, what shall I say of today? We have time to grow old. The air is full of our cries but habit is deadener.. † In Enduring Love, Jed Parry the Jesus freak is too easily goaded, and this leads to Jeds mood swings and the bipolarity of his actions, brought on by his de Clerambaults Syndrome, (or as Jed would have it, Joes string of subliminal messages followed by his denial of any such things) this is displayed perfectly throughout the novel, giving Jed a Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde-esque split personality, this causes social conflict in the novel because his persona adopts two separate levels of morality. These schizophrenic tendencies lead to a lack of moral guidance in their world, leading them to become figuratively blindfolded by the harsh reality of their situation. Later on in the Enduring Love, Joe Rose becomes an unreliable narrator, this post-modern turn could be attributed to the increased stress and pressure in Joes life, with him keeping his troubles with parry to himself, but eventually they spill out into his everyday life and he becomes obsessed with it, which in turn pushes Clarissa away. McEwan uses Joes position as a science writer to investigate epistemology, the science devoted how we know things, this is proven in the fact that Joe is hyper-aware of the power of the knowledge used in his recounting of events, Ive already marked my beginning , the moment Logan hit the ground should have been the end of this story rather than one beginning I could have chosen Vladimir and Estragon are under pressure because of their ties to Godot, as they are unsure what to do and the possible consequences of their actions weighs heavily on their judgement, yet their human desire to travel means they are unfortunately stuck in turmoil and a stagnant social position results. â€Å"Estragon: Well, shall we go? Vladimir: Yes lets go (They do not move)† Communication is a dwindling topic in both texts. In Waiting for Godot communication is a sore point because the play is written as a response to WW2, a breakdown in communication signifies the war that had just occurred, and in Enduring Love Joe and Jeds conflict means Joe becomes agitated and easily sidetracked, this means he doesnt hold any conversation or line of enquiry, apart from his obsession with Jed Parry. Joe had tried to open up to Clarissa and tell her about his situation and his views, but she finds it all too incredulous, and acts rather immature about it, sticking her head in the proverbial sand. Clarissa emanates the impression of being self-centred, as much of her dialogue is based around her needs, and her inability to realise that the stalking d le is real and not about her, You even left the drawer open so Id know when I came in. So spell it out for me now, Joe. What are you trying to tell me? ,but then again, credit to Ian McEwan as his allusive style of writing, he does leave the reader wondering if Jed Parry and his delusions are actually real or imagined. Clarrissas antics are contradictory to her literary love of the poet John Keats and romanticism, as she is dismissive, childish and doesnt seem to care much for her and Joes relationship. Clarissa tries to follow in the footsteps of Keats, her values are of a romanticist nature, however actions follow a rather anti-romanticist path, as being a romanticist requires great deal of emotional expression, and as romanticism goes against social norms. Clarissa wants an idyllic life, yet she seems to be uninterested with the process of getting her dreams to become reality, her character is rather lazy in that respect. In Waiting for Godot, Estragon and Lucky epitomise the lack of communication in the novel. Estragon is confident one moment and ready to hang himself the next, with Vladimir saving him from himself. Lucky is a silent character for the majority of the acts, but when he does speak, everything comes out as a garbled, jumbled mess of an opinion, re-enforcing the lack of meaningful and comprehensible conversation. .. of a personal god quaquaquaqua with a white beard quaquaquaqua † Didi and Gogo are in a sort of social purgatory. They are without reliable memory, and without a reason for being. Waiting for Godot is their only reason to live and it soon takes over their lives and becomes their sole purpose for being, but, as we dont know whether Godot is real or imaginary, let alone knowing this transpires that the main protagonists reasons for being are as a result of nothing, but Nothing is more real than nothingness (Democritus). Vladimir and Estragon are unable to provide for themselves in their barren landscape of a setting, this leads to social conflict and stagnation as they have nothing to do except sit around, moan, contemplate suicide and Wait for Godot. The protagonists materialistic needs lead to their impoverishment and therefore social conflict. When Pozzo and Lucky turn up, its a welcome break from the monotonous life that the two (assumed) beggars lead. So, their materialistic impoverishment is satisfied temporarily (although their mental impoverishment continues), ?stragon: Even 10 francs would be welcome Vladimir: We are not beggars! Estragon: Even five Vladimir: (To Estragon indignantly) Thats enough! † Social conflict is exhibited most clearly in the relationship between the protagonists in Waiting for Godot, Lucky and his Master, Pozzo, their relationship can be viewed as an extreme version of the relationship Vladimir and Estragon share, and the transition between the two relationships could come about as a result of the socio-intellectual conflict between Estragon and Vladimir, as either Vladimirs impatience with Estragons intellect could finally drive him stir crazy, or Estragons impatience with Vladimirs intellect could mean he turns nasty with jealousy of Vladimir (that coupled with the stagnancy of their situation), although theyre relationship is a two-way partnership at the time in which the play is set. This isnt the case in Enduring Love, in that novel there is more of a clash of ideologies between Religion, science and the arts, Hegel, a 19th century German philosopher believed that ,art, religion and philosophy are the bases for the highest spiritual development. These three aspects of life can be representative of Enduring Loves main protagonists. In Waiting for Godot, the rope around Luckys neck is his tie to Pozzo, (although Lucky seems to have developed Stockholm Syndrome) whereas Didi and Gogos tie is not only their possible schizophrenic personalities, but their willingness to wait for Godot too. Luckys enslavement leads to a running sore or what looks like a goitre around his neck, as a result of the rope, much like Didi and Gogos. This causes conflict because these physical injuries that the protagonists suffer are a reminder of the oppression felt by them in an anti-climactic continuum of an existence, as they persist to try to uncover a meta-physical answer for their existence, and they are appalled by it, Its a scandal! Vladimir says, â€Å"Vladimir: After having sucked all the good out of him you chuck him away like a . . . like a banana skin. Really † Their circumlocutory universe gives them no hope, the protagonists are helplessly caught in the vicious circle of life, they must not begin to live because once you do it ends ( Eugene Ionesco). The idea of their universe being circumlocutory is backed up by the perception of purpose. This is influential to the social aspect of both novels, as the way the protagonists view themselves has an impact on their ability to communicate their thoughts and feelings to the other characters. This, ultimately, makes an impact on the readers impressions of said protagonists Estragon: Was it not there yesterday? Vladimir: Yes, of course it was there. Do you not remember? We nearly hanged ourselves from it. But you wouldnt. Do you not remember? Estragon: You dreamt it. Albert Camus theory of Existentialism has shaped the way people view our situation on Earth, and Waiting for Godot follows a Sartrean Existentialism movement, developed by Jean-Paul Sartre, it typifies man as being without a purpose in a world devoid of meaning, unlike a utensil, which is made for a specific purpose or purposes. So in terms of Vladimir and Estragon, existence precedes essence. Philosopher Martin Heideggers aphorism states that, As soon as a man is born, he is old enough to die. This perspective causes social conflict in Enduring Love because all the protagonists are coming at situations from different angles, with regards to beliefs and views on matters present in the novel, such as their love for each other, the way you turned away from me, rejected, stunned by my refusal to recognise in that first instance our love. . Social conflict is the struggle for agency or power in society, different groups compete for resource, sometimes clashing over the same thing, this happens in Enduring Love, everyone seems to be out to pursue their own interests and is self centred. From a Marxist perspective, because as Jed comes from privileged background, he holds the seat of authority, or at least he thinks he does, trying to coerce Joe to do what he wants. So when he tries to use his power to get what he wants, he flexes his authority but encounters resistance from lower socially placed protagonists. Pozzo is clearly the highest socially placed protagonist in Waiting for Godot, this is shown through his servant/slave Lucky and his possessive style of social interaction. â€Å"Pozzo:.. [Pause. Pointing to Lucky] My Lucky! â€Å"Pozzo: [Sobbing] he used to be so kind so helpful and entertaining my good angel Social classes create social conflict in both novels because lower classed citizens tend to have distaste for higher-classed citizens, and vice-versa, but not as to say WW2 was a class war though, because it wasnt. This is apparent in Waiting for Godot because, after Pozzos arrival with Lucky on a leash, Vladimir shows great dislike for Pozzos treatment of Lucky, repeating multiple times, Lets go in an attempt to get himself and Estragon away from Pozzo. Vladimir: To treat a man like that I think that no a human being no its a scandal! In Enduring Love, Parry is the protagonist of the highest class, and also the protagonist whom the other protagonists are eventually against, this could be representative of a class war to Marxists. Parry says, as soon as I came into money and the house, I gave up the job and moved in. This could cause social conflict as parry could be interpreted as to be boasting of his position, and because Joes life centres around his scientific interests and work, there would be nothing to converse with Parry about, the two protagonists would be at social-loggerheads with each other. In conclusion, social conflicts have major grounds for debate as they can potentially impact on every topic discussed, but its how the authors of both texts have made it a key topic of conversation is vitally important. Social conflicts have their limitations however and they dont extend their reach through all topics as they would become inconsequential. Samuel Beckett and Ian McEwan use illusory devices very well, leaving readers with different viewpoints, and leaving some completely baffled. Using class societies are seen as unjust a major cause of conflict, coupled with mental instability lead to continuous unendurable suffering for some sadistic unknowable purpose.